What is Xerostomia?
Xerostomia is characterized by a lack or reduced flow of saliva. Saliva is secreted by numerous large and small salivary glands located in the mucous membranes of the tongue, cheeks, and palate.
Causes of Xerostomia
- Xerostomia can occur at any age. Various diseases, treatments, radiation, and immune system disorders are among the primary causes.
- Many medications are known to cause dry mouth.
- Conditions such as Sjögren’s syndrome, gland obstruction or infection, glandular aplasia, and radiation therapy contribute to xerostomia.
- Other contributing factors include dehydration, diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, hormonal imbalances, Parkinson’s disease, anemia, sialolithiasis, depression, anxiety, cardiovascular issues, and the use of diuretics.
Symptoms of Xerostomia
- Dry and smooth mucous membranes, inflammatory fissures on the tongue, and microbial plaque
- Burning sensation in the mouth, glossitis, stomatitis, mouth ulcers, and difficulty speaking
- Changes in taste and smell are also common symptoms
- Increased dental plaque and periodontitis
- Difficulty swallowing and altered taste perception
- A significant reduction in the natural protective function of saliva, leading to severe demineralization of the teeth
- Patients with dentures often experience retention problems
Prevention and Treatment
Preventing xerostomia is usually not possible, as it is often a side effect of necessary medical treatments, such as medication use. Therefore, efforts focus on managing its symptoms.
- Avoid dry foods
- Limit the consumption of spicy foods
- Avoid smoking
- Avoid alcohol
- Reduce coffee intake
- Use a soft toothbrush
- Undergo thyroid examination
- Monitor blood sugar levels
- Visit a physician for evaluation
- Use special mouthwashes recommended by your dentist